In American politics, the Southern strategy was a Republican Party electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the South by appealing to racism against African Americans. It also helped to push the Republican Party much more to the right. The "Southern Strategy" refers primarily to "top down" narratives of the political realignment of the South which suggest that Republican leaders consciously appealed to many white Southerners' racial grievances in economitss to gain their support.
The scholarly consensus is that racial conservatism was critical in the post- Civil Rights Act realignment of the Republican and Democratic parties. The perception that the Republican Party had served as the "vehicle of white supremacy in the South", particularly during the Goldwater campaign and the presidential elections of andmade it difficult for the Republican Party to win back the support of black voters in the South in later years. Although the phrase "Southern Strategy" is often attributed to Nixon's political strategist Kevin Phillipshe did not originate it [15] but popularized it.
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From now on, the Republicans are never going to get more than 10 to 20 percent of the Negro vote and they don't need any more than that The more Negroes who register as Democrats in the South, the sooner the Negrophobe whites will quit the Democrats and become Republicans.
That's where the votes are. Without that prodding from the blacks, the whites will backslide into their old comfortable arrangement with the local Democrats. While Phillips sought to increase Republican power by polarizing ethnic voting in general, and not just to win the white South, the South was by far the biggest prize yielded by his approach. Its success began at the presidential level. Gradually, Southern voters matchmaking time for economists and g.o.p. candidates to elect Republicans to Congress and finally to statewide and local offices, particularly as some legacy segregationist Democrats retired or switched to the GOP. From tothe Southern states, for decades a stronghold for the Democratsbecame key swing statesproviding the popular vote margins in theand elections. During this era, several Republican candidates expressed support for states' rightsa click of the position held by Republicans prior to the Civil War.
Some political analysts said matchmaking time for economists and g.o.p. candidates term was used in the 20th century as a "code word" to represent opposition to federal enforcement of civil rights for blacks and to federal intervention on their behalf; many individual southerners had opposed passage of the Voting Rights Act. During the Reconstruction era —the Republican Party built up its base across the South and for a while had control in each state except Virginia, but from a national perspective, the Republican Party always gave priority to its much better established Northern state operations. The Northern party distrusted the scalawagsfound the avaricious carpetbaggers distasteful and lacked respect for the black component of their Republican Party in the South.
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Richard Abbott says that national Republicans always "stressed building their Northern base rather than extending their party into the South, and whenever the Northern and Southern needs conflicted the latter always lost". Ulysses S. Grant was reelected and the New York Tribune advised it was matchmaking time for economists and g.o.p. candidates time for Southern Republicans to "root, hog, or die! In a series of compromises, such as the Compromise ofthe Republican Party withdrew United States Army forces that had propped up its last three state governors and in return gained the White House for Rutherford B. There were occasional pockets of Republican control, usually in remote mountain districts. Afterthe white Democrats used a variety of tactics to reduce voting by African Americans and poor whites.
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From tothe white Democratic legislatures in every Southern state enacted new constitutions or amendments with provisions to disenfranchise most blacks [22] and tens of thousands of poor article source. Provisions required payment of poll taxescomplicated residency, literacy tests and other requirements which were subjectively applied against blacks.
As blacks lost their vote, the Republican Party lost its ability to effectively compete in the South. Blacks did have a voice in the Republican Party, especially in the choice of presidential candidates at the national convention. Boris Heersink and Jeffery A. Jenkins argue that in — Republican leaders at the presidential level adopted a "Southern Strategy" by "investing heavily in maintaining a minor party organization in the South, as a way to create a reliable voting base at conventions".
As a consequence, federal patronage did go to Southern blacks as long as there was a Republican in the White House.
Because blacks were closed out of elected offices, the South's congressional delegations and state governments were dominated by white Democrats until the s or later.]
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