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It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandria. The calendar became the predominant calendar in the Roman Empire and subsequently most of the Western world for more than 1, years untilwhen Pope Gregory XIII promulgated a minor modification to reduce the length of the average year from Worldwide adoption of this revised calendar, which became known as the Gregorian calendartook place over the subsequent centuries, first in Catholic countries, and subsequently in Protestant countries of the Western Christian world.
The Julian calendar is still used in parts of the Eastern Orthodox Church and in parts of Oriental Orthodoxy as well as by the Berbers. The Julian calendar has two types of years: a normal year of days and a leap year of days. They follow a simple cycle of three normal years and one leap year, giving an average year that is That is more dzting the actual solar year value of For any given event during the years from to inclusive, its date according to the Julian calendar is 13 days behind its corresponding Gregorian date.
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The ordinary year in the previous Roman calendar consisted of 12 months, for a total of days. In addition, a or day intercalary monththe Mensis Intercalariswas sometimes inserted between February and March.
This intercalary month was formed by inserting 22 or 23 days after the first 23 days of February; the last five days of February, which counted down toward the start yeear March, became the last five days of Intercalaris. The net effect was to add 22 or 23 days to the year, forming an intercalary year of or days.
According to the later writers Censorinus and Macrobiusthe ideal intercalary cycle consisted of ordinary years of days alternating with intercalary years, alternately and days long. Macrobius describes a further refinement whereby, in one 8-year period within a year cycle, there were only three intercalary years, each of days thus 11 intercalary years out of This refinement averages the length of the year to In practice, intercalations did not occur systematically according to any of these ideal systems, but were determined by the pontifices.]
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