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Cell Differentiation - Genetics - Biology - FuseSchool specialised cell speed dating
A myocyte also known as a muscle cell [1] is the type of cell found in some types of muscle tissue. Myocytes develop from myoblasts to form muscles in a process known as myogenesis. On the other hand, skeletal muscles are formed by morphological units referred to as muscle fibers.
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The unusual microstructure of muscle cells has led cell biologists to create specialized terminology. However, each term specific to muscle cells has a counterpart that is used in the terminology applied to other types of cells:. Most of the sarcoplasm is filled with myofibrilswhich are long protein cords composed of myofilaments.
The sarcoplasm is also composed of glycogena polysaccharide of glucose monomers, which provides energy to the cell with heightened exercise, and myoglobinthe red pigment that stores oxygen until needed for muscular activity. There are three types of myofilaments: [7]. The sarcoplasmic reticuluma specialized type of smooth endoplasmic reticulumforms a network around each myofibril of the muscle fiber.
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This network is composed of groupings of two dilated end-sacs called terminal read article, and a single transverse tubule, or T tubulewhich bores through the cell and emerge on the other side; specialised cell speed dating these three components form the triads that exist within the network of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, in which each T tubule has two terminal cisternae on each side of it. The sarcoplasmic reticulum serves as reservoir for calcium ions, so when an action potential spreads over the T tubule, it signals the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions from the gated membrane channels to specialised cell speed dating a muscle contraction.
The sarcolemma was historically synonymous with the cell membrane of a striated muscle fiber or muscle cell. However, there are two other components which form the sarcolemma - basal lamina and reticular fibers. The cell membrane of the sarcolemma receives and conducts stimuli. In skeletal muscle, at the end of each muscle fiber, the outer layer of the sarcolemma combines with tendon fibers.
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The cell membrane of a myocyte has several specialized regions, which may include the intercalated cfll and the transverse tubular system. The laminar coat is separable into two layers; the lamina densa and lamina lucida. In between these two layers can be several different types of ions, including calcium. These are generally located at the Z lines so that they form grooves and transverse tubules emanate. In cardiac myocytes this forms a scalloped surface. The cytoskeleton is what the rest of the cell builds off of and has two primary purposes; the specialissed is to stabilize the topography of the intracellular components and the second is to help control the size and shape of the cell. While the first function is important for biochemical processes, the latter is specialised cell speed dating in defining the surface to volume ratio of the cell. This heavily influences the potential electrical properties of excitable cells.]
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